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Eine Gingseng Alternative aus der chinesischen Volksmedizin

Ist jetzt sogar schon als kleine Pflanze im Blumenhandel erhältlich, (siehe nachstehende Bezugsquellen) man kann annehmen, dass man in Zukunft noch viel über dieses faszinierende Kraut hören wird. Anbei finden Sie eine ausführliche Information des Lieferanten von Frau Dr. Doris Ehrenberger – Gesellschaft f. holistische Medizin, der einen qualitativ einzigartigen Extrakt herstellt und auch eine wissenschaftliche Dokumentation dazu führt.

Seit 3 Wochen gedeiht jiogulan zum ersten Mal auch in meinem Biogarten und wächst problemlos. An einer warmen Hausmauer (die Nachts die Wärme speichert) mit einer Bambusrankstange scheint sich die Pflanze bislang sehr wohl zu fühlen. Die Überwinterung jiaogulans und meine Erfahrungen ergänze ich kommendes Frühjahr in diesem Beitrag.

Jiaogulan wurde bereits 1400 nach Chr. in alten chinesischen Schriften erwähnt und zählt zu den traditionellen Pflanzen der chinesischen Medizin. Es ist viermal so reich an Gypenosiden als Ginseng. In der Region Guizhou wird das Kraut täglich als Tee getrunken und soll zur hohen Zahl an über 100 Jährigen enorm beitragen. Kein Wunder, denn Jiaogulan unterstützt gegen alle Herz/Kreislaufrisikofaktoren!

Jiaogulan wirkt:

  • Stressmindernd – beruhigend auf strapazierte Nerven ohne müde zu machen
  • Nerven stärkend, anregend und reaktionsfördernd (Sport, Arbeit, Schule)
  • Verkürzt Regenerationszeit nach Anstrengung
  • Senkt Blutfette und Blutzucker
  • Senkt Cholesterin und Triglyceride
  • Unterstützt Fettstoffwechsel und Gewichtsabnahme
  • Reguliert den Blutdruck – senkt zu hohen und hebt zu niedrigen Blutdruck
  • Beugt Thrombose-, Schlaganfall- und Herzinfarktrisiko vor
  • Stärkt das Herz, die Pumpleistung und die allgemeine Durchblutung
  • Verbessert und unterstützt die Leber
  • Stärkt das Immunsystem (die Lymphozyten)
  • Fördert die Bildung der weißen Blutkörperchen (nach Chemo oder Bestrahlung!)
  • Wirkt antioxidativ und tumorhemmend durch das Glycosid Ginsenosid RhL

Die auch bei uns leicht zu ziehende Gynostemma pentaphyllum ist eine Rankpflanze aus der Familie der Kürbisgewächse. Man kann sie im Gartenbeet oder im Topf kultivieren. Jiaogulan kann bis zu zwei Meter hoch werden und benötigt ein Klettergerüst. Peter Fischer-Colbrie, Präsident der Österreichischen Gartenbaugesellschaft, empfiehlt einen halbschattigen Standort. Bei Überwinterung im Freiland sterben die oberirdischen Teile ab, im Frühjahr sollte ein neuer Austrieb erfolgen.

Im Topf kann die Pflanze an einem hellen Fenster im Zimmer überwintern, als ideal hat sich dafür ein Fensterbrett nach Süden ohne darunter liegenden Heizkörper erwiesen. Vor trockener Heizungsluft ist sie durch ausreichendes Gießen und Besprühen zu schützten.

Als Substrat für die Topfkultur eignet sich gute Kübelpflanzenerde. Während der Vegetationsperiode sollte wöchentlich, im Winter alle drei Wochen und im Frühjahr alle zwei Wochen mit handelsüblichem Flüssignährstoff gedüngt werden.

Jiaogulan kann leicht mittels Stecklingen in einem nährstoffarmen Substrat (Aussaaterde und Quarzerde 1:1 gemischt) in einem Minigewächshaus vermehrt werden. Auch in Wasser bewurzelte Triebe wachsen in dieser Erde gut an.

Anwendung mittels kauen der Blätter und Tee.

Kontakte – Jiaogulan Pflanze:
• Österreichische Gartenbau Gesellschaft, Präsident DI Dr. Peter Fischer-Colbrie Siebeckstraße 14, 1220 Wien, Tel: 01 – 512 84 16, E-Mail: oegg@oegg.or.at, www.garten.or.at
• Gärtnerei Gerhard Krepela, 1140 Wien, Tel: 01 – 914 43 16, www.krepela.at
• Gärtnerei Johannes Käfer, 3264 Gresten/NÖ, Tel: 07487 – 2358, www.blumenkaefer.at
• Gärtnerei Starkl, vier Mal in Wien und Niederösterreich, Tel: 07476 – 76565 , www.starkl.at

JiaogulanExTM
Gynostemma Pentaphyllum Extract
The Ginseng Alternative that offers superior Health Benefits
Table of Contents

1. Overview
2. Summary of Clinical Evaluation
3. Toxicity Data
4. Proprietary Strain and Extraction Process
5. Specification
6. Indications, Contraindications, Adverse Effects and Drug Interactions
1. Overview

Background

Jiaogulan is a member of the gourd family that grows in southern China and some neighboring countries. 16 species and 3 variations of Jiaogulan have been discovered and documented so far. Jiaogulan has been used in China for over a thousand years to help relieve/ease coughs, phlegm, chronic bronchitis, and toxic and virus conditions.

In 1976, Japanese scientists first isolated the key ingredients
in Jiaogulan, the gypenosides. 82 gypenosides have been identified by Chinese scientists thus far, 4 of them have the exact same chemical structures as the ginsenosides Rb1, Rb3, Rd, and F2 in ginseng (1, 2, 3 and 4).

Jiaogulan is relatively new to the list of adaptogens. According to recent studies, it contains nearly four times as many saponins as Panax ginseng. These saponins, known as gypenosides, are similar to the ginsenosides and panaxosides found in Asian ginseng. Preliminary studies also suggest Jiaogulan may have even more powerful regulatory effects on a number of body systems than does Asian ginseng. In addition, Jiaogulan has demonstrated antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties and a beneficial effect on blood pressure regulation. Jiaogulan also has been shown to bolster the immune system, improve fat metabolism, moderate cholesterol levels, and enhance strength and physical endurance.

Summary of Health Benefits

Jiaogulan has been scientifically studied and clinically shown to:

1. Moderate cholesterol levels
2. Improve fat metabolism
3. Beneficial effects on blood pressure regulation
4. Promote and support immune functions
5. Promote and support liver functions
6. Promote longevity.

Active ingredients

Chemical analysis has shown that Jiaogulan contains (1, 2, 3, 4 and 5):

 Gypenosides
 Significant amounts of trace iron, calcium, copper, selenium, etc.
 Amino acids
 Vitamins B, C & E
 Flavones

Reference

1. Guo X.L., et al. Studies on the chemical constituents of Gynostemma longipes. Beijing Medical
University, Beijing, China. Journal of Pharmacology 1997 Jul; 32(7):524-9.
2. He W., et al. Dynamic features of some biochemical constituents in Gynostemma pentaphyllum
under different environments. Chinese Academy of Sciences. Journal of Applied Environmental
Science, 2000 Feb; 11(1):149-51.
3. Cui J., et al. Gynostemma pentaphyllum: identification of major sapogenins and differentiation
from Panax species. Clinical Research Centre, Huddinge University Hospital, Karolinska Institute,
SE-141 86, Huddinge, Sweden. Eur J Pharm Sci 1999 Jul; 8(3):187-91.
4. Hu L., et al. New triterpenoid saponins from Gynostemma pentaphyllum. Shanghai Institute of Materia
Medica, Academia Sinica, Shanghai, China. J Nat Prod 1996 Dec; 59(12):1143-5.
5. Paicente S., et al. New dammarane-type glycosides from Gynostemma pentaphyllum. Dipartimento di
Chimica della Sostanze Naturali, Universita degli Studi di Napoli, Federico II, Italy. J Nat Prod 1995
Apr; 58(4):512-9.

2. Summary of Clinical Evaluation

Enhances Cardiovascular Functions and Nitric Oxide Production

Jiaogulan has demonstrated in human clinical studies (1, 2, 3, 4 and 5) to have positive effect on raising the HDL cholesterol and lowering the LDL cholesterol. These effects are possibly due to Jiaogulan’s ability to reduce the decomposition of lipids in adipose cells caused by ACTH, to prevent the synthesis of glucose to lipids within adipose cells and to prevent fat deposits on blood vessel walls. Other clinical studies (6, 7) have reported Jiaogulan’s positive effects on hypertension and atherosclerosis. Several animal based studies (8, 9 and 10) indicate a possible link between Jiaogulan and a decrease in the occurrence of circulatory and cardiovascular incidences. In vitro study by Vanderbilt University Medical Center on G. Pentaphyllum extracts (11) reveals Jiaogulan’s effect on increasing nitric oxide production. Mounting scientific evidence indicates that increases in nitric oxide level help promote cardio-vascular health.
The protective effects of gypenoside (GPS) against damages induced by exogenous oxygen free radicals (OFR) on the basilar artery of rabbits were studied. Exogenous OFR were generated by the electrolysis of Krebs solution. The perfusion pressure and malonyldialdehyde (MDA) content in the basilar artery were increased; release of Endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF), nitrite content and SOD activity in basilar artery decreased after OFR damage, GPS 25, 50, 100ug/mL pretreatment exhibited a concentration dependent decrease in constriction response of the basilar artery. Results also showed that GPS 100ug/mL reversed the rise of MDA and the reduction of SOD activity, nitrite and EDRF release.

Promote and Support Immune Functions

Jiaogulan has shown in in vitro and in vivo studies (12, 13, 14, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18 and 19) to support and promote immune functions. The effects of Jiaogulan on human rectal adenocarcinoma cell line (Hce8693) and human fetal lung diploid fibroblast cell strain (4BS, as normal control) were investigated in vitro. Hce 8693 cells were inhibited by the extract in certain concentrations and for certain times, which were dose-related, such as decreasing DNA synthesis and the cleavage indexes, cellular degeneration and necrosis. One of Jiaogulan’s antineoplastic mechanisms is probably due to the inhibition of proliferation as well as the direct cytotoxicity to abnormal cells.

Promote and Support Liver Functions

Jiaogulan has shown in in vitro studies to support and promote normal liver functions. One in vitro (20) study demonstrated that gypenosides in Jiaogulan can induce apoptosis in human hepatoma cells. Another in vitro study (21) demonstrated that gypenosides in Jiaogulan has the potential to provide hepatoprotective and antifibrotic protection on chronic liver injury induced by CCl4 for 8 wks. Still another in vitro study (22) has showed that gypenosides in Jiaogulan exerts anti-inflammatory activity and hepatoprotective activity against CC14-induced liver damage.

Promote Longevity

In vitro study has shown that during the cell proliferation period, Jiaogulan can promote proliferation of skin cells. Cells are the foundation of life. Jiaogulan can serve as the activator of cells, accelerate the reproductive capacity in cells, and prolong cell life. Fatigue tests have been done on mice, and Jiaogulan has been shown to prolong the swimming period of mice until death due to fatigue (23). Immunity tests have also been done proving that Jiaogulan can increase immunity in body fluid and cells (24).

References

1. Shi J., et al. Effects of Jiaogulan on patients with hyperlipidemia. Journal of Norman Bethune University of Medical Science, 2001; vol.1, No.4, p343.
2. Lin C., et al. Safety and Efficacy of Jiaogulan on regulating lipoprotein. Journal of Guangdong Medical College 2001 Vol.19 No.3:.200-201.
3. Kang J., et al. Effects of Jiaogulan in Blood Lipid Metabolism. Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs 2000; 31 (10): 770-771.
4. Kimura, Y. et al. Effects of crude saponins of Gynostemma pentaphyllum on lipid metabolism. Shoyakugaku Zasshi. Japanese. 1983; 37(3): 272-275.
5. Yu, C. Therapeutic effect of a gypenosides tablet on 32 patients with hyperlipaemia. Journal of the integrated medicine of western and traditional Chinese medicines, HuBei State, China. 1993. 15(3): 21.
6. Wang J., et al. Therapeutic observation of Jiaogulan’s effects on Angina Pectoris caused by atherosclerosis. China Traditional and Western Medicine ER Magazine 1999 Vol. 2 (6).
7. Lu, G.H., et al. Comparative study of anti-hypertensive effect of Gypenosides, Ginseng and Indapamide in patients with essential hypertension. Guizhou Medical Journal. 1996; 20:1.
8. Tan, H., et al. Antithrombotic effect of Gynostemma pentaphyllum. Integrated Medicine Journal of China. 993 May; 13(5): 278-280, 261.
9. Wu, J., et al. Effects of gypenosides on platelet aggregation and camp levels in rabbits. Pharmacology and Toxicology Journal of China. 1990; 4(1): 54-57.
10. Chen, L.F., et al. Comparison between the effects of gypenosides and gypenosides on cardiac function and hemodynamics in dogs. Pharmacology and Toxicology Journal of China. 1990; 4(1): 17-20.
11, Tanner M.A., et al. The direct release of nitric oxide by gypenosides derived from the herb
Gynostemma pentaphyllum. Division of Cardiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and the
Department of Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee, USA. Nitric Oxide 1999
Oct; 3(5):359.
12. Wang Q.F., et al. Regulation of Bcl-2 family molecules and activation of caspase cascade involved
In gypenosides-induced apoptosis in human hepatoma cells. China Medical College, Taichung, Taiwan. Cancer Letter 2002 Sep 26; 183(2):169-78.
13. Zhou Z, et al. Experimental study on the influence of Gynostemma pentaphyllum Mak. upon point
mutation of Ha-ras oncogene in blocking leukoplakia from canceration. Shanghai Second Medical
University, Shanghai 200011, China. China pharmacology journal 2000 Mar; 35(2):91-4.
14. Zhu S., et al. Inhibitory effects of gynostemma pentaphyllum on the UV induction of
bacteriophage lambda in lysogenic Escherichia coli. College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University,
Wuhan, China. Current Microbiol 2001 Oct; 43(4):299-301.
15. Zhou Z., et al. Effect of gynostemma pentaphyllum mak. on carcinomatous conversions of golden
hamster cheek pouches induced by dimethylbenzanthracene: a histological study. Shanghai
Second Medical University, Shanghai, China. Chin Med J (Engl) 1998 Sep; 111(9):847-50.
16. Chen W.C., et al. Protective effects of Gynostemma pentaphyllum in gamma-irradiated mice.
National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan. Am J Chin Med 1996; 24(1):83-92.
17. Wang C., et al. A preliminary observation of preventive and blocking effect of Gynostemma
pentaphyllum (Thunb) Makino on esophageal cancer in rats. Hua Xi Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 995
Dec; 26(4):430-2.
18. Han M.Q., etc. Effects of 24 Chinese medicinal herbs on nucleic acid, protein and cell cycle
of human lung Aden carcinoma cell. Longhead Hospital, Shanghai University of TCM. Shogun
Hong Xi Yi Jive He Zap Zhan 1995 Mar; 15(3):147-9.
19. Zhang H., etc. Protoplast culture and plant regeneration from the suspension cells of
Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thumb) Mak. Cytogenetics Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University,
China. Chin J Biotechnol 1995; 11(3):207-11.
20. Chen J.C., et al. Therapeutic effect of gypenoside on chronic liver injury and fibrosis induced by
CCl4 in rats. Chinese Medical College, Taichung, Taiwan. Am J Chin Med 2000; 28(2):175-85.
21. Lin C.C., et al. Antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of Anoectochilus formosanus and
Gynostemma pentaphyllum. Kaohsiung Medical College, Kaohsuing, Taiwan. Am J Chin Med
2000; 28(1):87-96.
22. Chen J.C., et al. Gypenoside induces apoptosis in human Hep3B and HA22T tumour cells. China
Medical College, Taiwan. Cytobios 1999; 100(393):37-48.
23. Zhou, S.R. A Preliminary study on the effects of Gynostemma pentaphyllum on endurance,
spontaneous motor activity and superoxide dismutase in mice. Asia Pacific Journal of
Pharmacology 1990; 5(4): 321-322.
24. Arichi, S., et al. Saponins of Gynostemma pentaphyllum as tonics. Kakai Tokyo Koho.
Jpn. 1985. 60(105): 626.
3. Toxicity Data
Acute Toxicology Tests (LD50)

Oral LD50 for mice: 4.5g/kg and I.P. LD50 for mice: 2826mg/Kg of Jiaogulan extract (*) (1). Peritoneal injection: 0.768g/Kg for mice and 1.85g/Kg for rats. Oral LD50: 48.94g/Kg (3).

Sub-acute, Sub-chronic Tests

Rats were orally administered 8g/kg of Jiaogulan extract (*) for 4 weeks. No abnormality was found in the heart, lung, liver, kidney, testicles and ovary of the rats. WBC, RBC, liver and kidney function of the rats were also found to be normal (1).

Large white mice were administered 1/5, 1/10, 1/20 of LD50 dosage for 4 weeks and 1/10, 1/20 of LD50 dosage for 90 days. No adverse effects were found in the heart, lung, liver, kidney, testicles, ovary, WBC, RBC, liver and kidney function of the mice (3).

Accumulative Toxicity Test

Rats were orally administered 4g/kg of Jiaogulan extract (*) for 3 months. No abnormality was found in the heart, liver, kidney, testicles and ovary of the rats. WBC, RBC, ECG, liver and kidney function of the rats were also found to be normal (1).

Carcinogen, Mutation/Deformity Tests

Mice were randomly divided into 3 groups and orally administered 1000mg/kg, 2500mg/kg and 5000mg/kg of Jiaogulan extract (*) for the first, second and third groups for 11 days. The micronucleus rates of PEC in mice bone marrow induced by cyclophosphamide were 11.9‰ (for the 1000mg/kg group), 8.5‰ (for the 2500mg/kg group) and 13.6‰ (for the 5000mg/kg group) compared to 29.9‰ for the none-treatment (cyclophosphamide) group at P<0.05 (2).

* Jiaogulan extract (80% gypenosides) in mg dissolved in distilled water.
Reference
1. Minxia Zheng. Research and view on Jiaogulan. Zhejiang Journal of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine. 1996, 6(1): 54-55.
2. Yangyang Du, Ziyao Mo. Study on the mutagenic and antimutagenic potentials of Gypenosides in Mice. Carcinogenesis Teratogenesis and Mutagenesis (in Chinese), 1995, 7(3): 160-163.
3. Yang, G., et al. Acute and long-term toxicological studies on gypenosides-containing tonics. Guiyang Medical College Publication 1993 18(4):264.
4. Proprietary Strain and Extraction Process

The extraction process is started with the freshest premium Jiaogulan plant from the region in China that is known to contain the richest full spectrum nutrients compared to all species and variations of Jiaogulan grown in China. Then they are processed with our proprietary PureExtractTM process which uses no filler or binding materials. This unique combination allows to produce the highest purity standardized full spectrum extract, JiaogulanExTM. JiaogulanExTM power and extracts (from 30% to 98% Gypenosides) are guaranteed to exceed our or customers‘ specifications, as confirmed by in-house and third-party laboratory analysis (HPLC and other accepted testing methods).

Reference

1. Xiao X.H., etc. Systematic concept and development model for the production base of Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Madino. Sichuan Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing, China. Chongging Traditional Chinese Medicine Journal 1994 Jun; 19(6):332-4, 382.

2. Xiao X.H., etc. Agronomic standardization of Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino. Sichuan Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing, China. Traditional Chinese Medicine Journal of China 1994 May; 19(5):270-2, 318.
5. Specification

PRODUCT NAME JiaogulanExTM

ORIGINAL 01-01-2002
CURRENT UPDATE 01-01-2006
01.00.00 General Information
01.10.00 Source (Botanical Name) Gynostemma pentaphyllum（Thunb.）Makino
01.20.00 Common (Traditional) Name Jiaogulan, penta tea, Amachazuru (Japan), Southern ginseng, Dungkulcha (Korea).
01.30.00 Part Used Full
01.40.00 General Description Light white yellow fine powder
01.50.00 Country of Origin China (PRC)
02.00.00 Analytical Data Value Verification Method
02.20.00 Color Light white yellow fine powder GB 5492-85
02.25.00 Odor Characteristic GB 5492-85
02.30.00 Taste Characteristic GB 5492-85
02.40.30 Gypenosides (by UV) ≧98% ws-z-006-93 (z)
02.45.00 Moisture ≤3.0% AOAC 934.01 15th
02.50.00 Ash ≤5.00% AOAC 942.05,17th
02.70.00 Particle Size ≧100% (80 mesh) GB 5507-85
02.80.00 Shelf Life 4 years DOH (TAIWAN)：87041838
03.00.00 Microbiological Data
03.10.00 Standard Plate Count, SPC ≤1000 cfu/g AOAC 990.12, 16th
03.20.00 Salmonella Negative FDA (BAM) Chapter 5, 8th Ed.
03.25.00 Yeast & Mold ≤100 cfu/g FDA (BAM) Chapter 18, 8th Ed.
03.50.00 E. Coli Negative AOAC 975.55, 16th
04.00.00 Heavy Metal
04.10.00 Arsenic ≤1 ppm AOAC 985.01 16th
04.40.00 Lead ≤2 ppm AOAC 985.01, 16th
04.50.00 Mercury ≤0.5 ppm AOAC 971.21/977.15
04.90.10 Total Heavy Metals ≤10 ppm USP XXII p8 1524, Meth. 1
06.00.00 Nutritional Information Typical Values
06.30.00 Calories (Total) 365 Kcal/ 100 g Atwater Method, USDA Handbook 74
06.30.10 Calories from Fat 0 Kcal/ 100 g Atwater Method, USDA Handbook 74
06.35.00 Fat (Total Fat) 0 g/ 100g AOAC 954.02, 15th
06.45.00 Total Carbohydrates 89.2 g/ 100g AOAC 979.06
06.50.00 Dietary Fiber 5.9 g/ 100g AOAC 991.43
06.55.00 Protein (% Nitrogen x 6.25) 2.0 g/ 100g AOAC 992.15, 15th
06.60.00 Sodium 71.9 mg / 100 g AOAC 968.08, 16th
10.00.00 Other Information
10.50.00 Added Ingredients / Manufacturing Aids None
10.50.10 Flavors (Natural or Synthetic) Natural (None Added)
10.50.15 Colors (Natural or Synthetic) Natural (None Added)
10.50.20 Sweeteners (IF yes, residue level) Natural (None Added)
10.50.25 Salt (If yes, residue level) Natural (None Added)
10.50.30 Antioxidants / Preservatives (If yes, amount) Natural (None Added)
10.50.35 Sulfites or Sulfur added at any stage of production (If yes, residue level) None Added
10.50.40 Solvents None
10.50.45 Treatments (Ethylene Oxide, Propylene Oxide, Irradiation) Details, residue levels Dry Heat
10.50.50 Processing Aids (Silicon Dioxide, Starch, etc.) not already covered None Added

6. Indications, Contraindications, Adverse Effects and Drug Interactions

Indications

Several in vivo and human studies on Jiaogulan were conducted using different type of Jiaogulan products with different concentration of gypenosides in them. Based on our own research and experience, we recommend a daily dosage between 200mg to 350 mg of a standardized Jiaogulan extract with 98% gypenosides in 2 to 3 divided dosages. Do not exceed 350 mg. This is a dosage that is many times smaller than the dosages used in various toxicity studies cited in Section 3.

Contraindications

JiaogulanExTM is safe to take when following the recommended daily dosage. But consult a health care provider prior to using a product containing JiaogulanExTM compounds if you are pregnant, breastfeeding, taking prescription medication(s), or suffer from known liver or kidney disease.

Adverse Effects

No documented adverse effects have been observed or reported in published literatures.

Drug Interactions

No reported drug interactions. But there exist possibilities for interaction with medications so precautions must be taken. It is recommended that consultation with a physician is advised prior to taking JiaogulanExTM.